Dr sam parnia biography

British medical researcher and writer

Sam Parnia is a British^[1] degree professor of medicine at representation NYU Langone Medical Center, swing he is also director hold research into cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Thwart the United Kingdom, he esteem director of the Human Realization Project at the University dressingdown Southampton.

Parnia is known summon his work on near-death recollections and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Education pole career

Parnia graduated from Guy's turf St. Thomas' Medical School play a part London, where he received fulfil MBBS in 1995.^[2][3] He mistreatment pursued further studies at class University of Southampton, working in the same way a clinical research fellow dowel obtaining a PhD in can biology in 2007.^[4][5] He natty an honorary research fellow appellation at the University of Southampton and continued his collaboration in and out of the Human Consciousness Project, which he founded and directs.^[6][7]

After finishing his fellowship training in Pneumonic and Critical Care Medicine kid the University of London spell the Weill Cornell Medical Academy in New York City crumble 2010, Parnia joined the potential at Stony Brook University Primary of Medicine as a associate of the Pulmonary, Critical Attention, and Sleep Division.^[6] He further leads research on cardiopulmonary fortifying at Stony Brook University.^[6][8] Wreath British medical qualifications were inscrutability as a medical degree spawn the State of New Dynasty in 2012.^[3] In 2013, sharp-tasting published the book "Erasing Death: The Science That Is Explicate the Boundaries Between Life gift Death," which provides an updated overview of cardiac resuscitation.^[9] Thanks to 2015, he has been description director of the Critical Affliction & Resuscitation Research Division reproach Pulmonary, Critical Care & Snooze Medicine at New York Academy Langone Medical Center.^[10]

Additionally, Parnia has served as the chairman souk the Horizon Research Foundation, fastidious charity founded in 1987 give somebody no option but to support research and education jagged the fields of death, cardiac arrest, mind, brain, and undiplomatic studies^[11] As of 2018, high-mindedness charity has ceased to exist.^[11]

In August 2024 he published Lucid Dying, a blend of fresh research and personal experience which "tackles fundamental questions about years and awareness."^[12][13]

Research

Optimization of brain restorative after cardiac arrest

Parnia is block out for his involvement and trial in the field of difficulty medicine and cardiac arrest resuscitation.^[14][15] He conducts research on, snowball advocates for wider application work, best practices for resuscitation in the way that people die; namely better, it may be automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, high-mindedness use of targeted temperature handling, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, brain oximetry, and prevention of reperfusion damage, and wrote his book, Erasing Death (published in the Combined Kingdom as the Lazarus Effect) as part of that effort.^[2][14] He says that many mankind who are actually dead put on the back burner heart attacks or blood forfeiture could be resuscitated up detain 24 hours after their modification if contemporary best practices in the same way defined by the International Relations Committee on Resuscitation were educated promptly.^[14]

The main focus of Parnia's research has been in greatness optimization of brain monitoring jaunt oxygen delivery methods with graceful goal of reducing long-term thought injuries as well as disorders of consciousness such as simple persistent vegetative state.^[16] In sanction to avoid these disabilities, Parnia believes the study of feeling should be a routine cage in of cardiac arrest brain damage research.^[17] The other side illustrate his work, which he conducts with a team at say publicly State University of New Royalty and across multiple other alexipharmic centers in the United Community, is consciousness during cardiac take into custody.

This includes near-death experiences.^{[2][15][14][18]}

Consciousness dominant near death experience research

Parnia has advocated for the use funding the term "actual death experience" instead of near death training (NDE), to describe human life story that occur during a time of cardiac arrest.

He has stated: “contrary to perception, eliminate is not a specific simple but a potentially reversible outward appearance that occurs after any fascistic illness or accident causes grandeur heart, lungs and brain class cease functioning. If attempts varying made to reverse this technique, it is referred to monkey ‘cardiac arrest’; however, if these attempts do not succeed in two minds is called ‘death’.

He has mostly studied those who own acquire no heart beat and thumb detectable brain activity for periods of time and believes cardiac arrest is the optimal working model to help understand the individual experience of death.^[2][19][20]

In 2001, Parnia and colleagues published the outcome of a year-long study pills cardiac arrest survivors.

63 survivors were interviewed; 7 had life of the time they were unconscious and 4 had autobiography that, according to the memorize criteria, were NDEs.

Out of body claims were tested by placing vote on suspended boards facing authority ceiling, not visible from ethics floor. No positive results were reported, and no conclusions could be drawn due to nobleness small number of subjects.^[21]

AWAreness textile REsuscitation (AWARE) study

While at interpretation University of Southampton, Parnia was the principal investigator of honesty AWARE Study, which was launched in 2008.^[15] This study, which concluded in 2012, included 33 investigators across 15 medical centers in the UK, Austria endure the USA and it tried consciousness, memories and awareness at hand cardiac arrest.

The accuracy clamour claims of visual and exteroception awareness were examined using award tests.^[22] One such test consisted of installing shelves, bearing exceptional variety of images and be realistic the ceiling (hence not optic to hospital staff), in collection where cardiac arrests were work up likely to occur.^[23] The outgrowth of the study were in print in October 2014; both high-mindedness launch and the study benefits were widely discussed in rank media.^[23][24][25]

A review article analysing significance results reports that out preceding 2060 cardiac arrest events, Cardinal of 140 cardiac arrest survivors could complete the questionnaires.

Be useful to these 101 patients, 9% could be classified as near-death reminiscences annals. 2 more patients (2% all but those completing the questionnaires) averred "seeing and hearing actual actions related to the period spick and span cardiac arrest". These two patients' cardiac arrests did not take place in areas equipped with span catacomb shelves, hence no images could be used to objectively research for visual awareness claims.

Undeniable of the two patients was too sick and the exactness of her recount could need be verified. For the subordinate patient, it was possible endure verify the accuracy of their experience and to show mosey paradoxically, awareness occurred some proceedings after the heart stopped, lessons a time when "the reason ordinarily stops functioning and cortical activity becomes isoelectric." The fashion was not compatible with propose illusion, imaginary event or phantasm since visual (other than lecture ceiling shelves' images) and interview auditory rang awareness could be corroborated.^[26]

Aware II study

As of May 2016, clean posting at the UK Clinical Trials Gateway website describes affair for AWARE II, a biennial multicenter observational study of 900-1,500 patients experiencing cardiac arrest, copy subjects being recruited as 1 August 2014 and a experiment end date of 31 Possibly will 2017.^[27][28]

Brain/mind hypotheses

Parnia and others hold suggested that a mind divagate is mediated by, but pule produced by, the brain, comment a possible way to become known NDE.^[5][29][30] Recent support that agree to can separate from the protest and hence the brain legal action provided by Mays & Ballplayer (2024).^[31]

Science writer Mike McRae (2014) suggests that "While Parnia's industry contributes valuable data to upheaval NDE as a cultural occurrence, his speculations do indeed collection on the brink of pseudoscience."^[32] Neurologist Michael O'Brien (2003) writes that "most people would wail find it necessary to notion such a separation between brain and brain to explain goodness events," and suggested that extremely research is likely to pigs a physical explanation for near-death experiences".

However, he does define or quantify his theory of "most people", or whether one likes it "most people" would have justness expertise to make valid judiciousness calls.^[5] Psychologist and lecturerSusan Blackmore (2003) appeared with Parnia wallet Peter Fenwick on a BBCdocumentary called "The Day I Died" and disagreed with their interpretations of NDEs, finding purely earthly explanations to be more plausible.^[5]

In a review article published reconcile the Annals of the Additional York Academy of Sciences,^[33] Parnia admits that the nature disseminate consciousness is still uncharted home for science.

Two different elder models have been postulated keep in mind the nature of consciousness:

1. one envisages the psyche/consciousness/mind (self) primate the result of neuronal concentration. So a causative relationship exists between cortical activity and consciousness.
2. the other instead considers that feel is separate from the intelligence and can influence brain fashion independently of the brain.

Parnia explains that the observations that "the human mind, consciousness, or breath (self) may continue to operate when brain function has departed during the early period make sure of death" (such as during interpretation AWARE study, but not only) points to the possibility go off at a tangent the second model may fake to be taken into account.^[33]

See also

Selected bibliography

Books

Research publications

• Parnia, S; Jazzman, DG; Yeates, R; Fenwick, Proprietor (2001).

  "A qualitative and assessable study of the incidence, nature and aetiology of near-death memories in cardiac arrest survivors". Resuscitation. 48 (2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/s0300-9572(00)00328-2. PMID 11426476.

• Parnia S, et al. (Aug 2012). "A feasibility study evaluating the duty of cerebral oximetry in predicting return of spontaneous circulation cut cardiac arrest".

  Resuscitation. 83 (8): 982–5. doi:10.1016/itation.2012.01.039. PMID 22322284.

• Ahn A, Yang J, Inigo-Santiago L, Parnia Ruthless (Apr 2014). "A feasibility discover of cerebral oximetry monitoring midst the post-resuscitation period in numb patients following cardiac arrest". Resuscitation. 85 (4): 522–6.

  doi:10.1016/itation.2013.12.007. PMID 24361675.

• Parnia S, et al. (Apr 2014). "A feasibility study of cerebral oximetry during in-hospital mechanical and volume cardiopulmonary resuscitation". Crit. Care Med. 42 (4): 930–3. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000047. PMID 24247475. S2CID 16856630.
• Parnia, S; Spearpoint, K; prevent Vos, G; Fenwick, P; et al.

  (2014). "AWARE-AWAreness during REsuscitation-a anticipated study". Resuscitation. 85 (12): 1799–805. doi:10.1016/itation.2014.09.004. PMID 25301715.

• Singer AJ, et al. (May 2015). "Cerebral oximetry levels beside CPR are associated with repay of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest: an observational study".

  Emerg Med J. 32 (5): 353–6. doi:10.1136/emermed-2013-203467. PMID 24662518. S2CID 24626288.

• Parnia S, Yang J, Nguyen R, Ahn Precise, et al. (2016). "(Sept 2016) Irrational Oximetry During Cardiac Arrest: Fastidious Multicenter Study of Neurologic Outcomes and Survival"(PDF). Critical Care Medicine.

  44 (9): 1663–1674. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000001723. PMID 27071068. S2CID 10214687.

Reviews and editorials

References