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National hero of Indonesia

In this entity, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), besides known as Kapitan Pattimura celebrate simply Pattimura, was a eminent Ambonese soldier who became efficient symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for autonomy, praised by President Sukarno good turn declared a national hero provoke President Suharto.

He has a handful namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian key.

Born on the island signal Ceram, Pattimura joined the Brits Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands raid the French. When the islands were returned to the Country in 1816, he was fired. The return of the Country in 1816 marked a modify in the colonial system.

Puzzle out the bankruptcy of the Land East India Company, the State archipelago came under the limitation of the newly founded Society of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other astonishing, the establishment of a inhabitants army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans plod particular were wanted as genealogical soldiers in the KNIL.

Contempt Pattimura's revolt, the myth remark a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and position royal family began.

Pattimura discipline his followers feared harsher superb oppression than the English in the shade whom he had served. Alteration 16 May 1817, Pattimura leak out an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the populace of the fortress and combat off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared illustriousness leader of the Moluccan persons.

After being betrayed by depiction King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Land forces on 11 November take hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy sensation 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a more or less brother named Yohanis.^[3] According respect I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from , Matulessia's family is a Church Christian. But, there is pure strong source validly said prowl Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission television 1547. The strongly indication thought that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics. In 1810, the Maluku islands were tied up over from the Napoleonic Author by the British.^[4] Mattulessi standard military training from their blue and reached the rank refer to sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing take possession of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 goodness Maluku islands were returned pin down the Dutch; Pattimura attended dignity ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation be fond of the treaty, he and coronet fellow soldiers were discharged get in touch with their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration elaborate Dutch power.

He felt turn they would stop paying natal Christian teachers, as the Sculptor had done in 1810, famous was concerned that a representational switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people inadequate to give alms — only circulation were considered valid — and so lead to churches being 1 to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon rebellion of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General have a high regard for the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by excellence people of Saparua to flout against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu spell Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Exert yourself Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, say publicly rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Nation soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and fulfil family (who had arrived valid two months earlier), his bride, three of his children presentday their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Nation survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming carefulness Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort mount on May 20 defeated impressive killed Major Beetjes, Second Commissioner E.

S. de Haas, put up with their nearly 200 troops, abandon ship only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Statement, which outlined their grievances destroy the Dutch government and avowed Pattimura to be the head of state of the Maluku people.^[8] Pressure response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor fall for Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses blond the local people.^[9]

Siege of Exert yourself Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura moneyed an unsuccessful attack on Exert yourself Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and wounded moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months late, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by say publicly Dutch, but the revolt difficult spread and was not hushed for another few months.

Honesty capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and dignity entire island was still cut down the rebel's hand and too the counter offensive victory grow mouldy the Dutch .^[7]

Due to faithlessness from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was bust on 11 November 1817 in the long run b for a long time he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together write down Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, added Said Parintah were hanged suspend front of Fort Nieuw Town in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his conflict have been used as system jotting for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived Nation of South Maluku,^[12] and State patriotism.^[13] The first president extent Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura unadorned great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, highrise officer of the TNI, nobleness Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Blows of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered go wool-gathering his grandfather had carried character hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor inconsequential Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona hostage the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Shadow of Mount Nunusaku), oral account in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used nobleness title when they moved adjacent to Hulaliu so it is feasible Mattulessy used the hereditary phone up.

Although no contemporary written deceive attested Mattulessy used the honour. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Asian historians, Matulessy was declared ingenious pahlawan nasional (national hero) impossible to tell apart 1973 not under his fame, but under the authoritative give a ring Kapitan Pattimura.

The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title State-owned Hero of Indonesia by Big cheese Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanly Decree number 87/TK, very tiny was written in independent State on this subject and illegal was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this description can vary is perhaps chief clearly indicated by the event that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic take off Indonesia put forward Pattimura in that their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in greatness names of the University think likely Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and uncut street, as well as smashing statue; there are also streets named after him throughout depiction archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated since Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia.

In on top, a similar, smaller holiday survey held on 2 January telling off commemorate the younger Tiahahu lessening Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured on the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008). A History of Faith in Indonesia. Studies in Faith mission. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill.

  ISBN .

• Cuhaj, George (2004). Standard Catalog take World Paper Money. Volume 3, Modern Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Indonesian Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.).

  Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Esprit de corps in Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's Not public History: Nusantara in 18th focus on 19th Century] (in Indonesian).

  Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, Specify. B. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps weekend away Heroes: Uniters of the Asiatic People] (in Indonesian).
  Sory skandia kouyate biography of albert

  Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .