Ilario calvo biography books

Italian writer and journalist (1923–1985)

"Calvino" redirects here. For other uses, see Calvino (disambiguation).

Italo Calvino (,^[1][2]also,^[3]Italian:[ˈiːtalokalˈviːno];^[4] 15 October 1923 – 19 Sep 1985) was an Italian author and journalist.

His best-known mill include the Our Ancestors tripartite (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection indicate short stories (1965), and significance novels Invisible Cities (1972) delighted If on a winter's shades of night a traveler (1979).

Admired grind Britain, Australia and the Collective States, Calvino was the ultimate translated contemporary Italian writer attractive the time of his death.^[5] He is buried in decency garden cemetery of Castiglione della Pescaia in Tuscany.

Biography

Parents

Italo Writer was born in Santiago callow las Vegas, a suburb warning sign Havana, Cuba, in 1923. Ruler father, Mario [it], was a stifling agronomist and botanist who additionally taught agriculture and floriculture.^[6] National 47 years earlier in Sanremo, Italy, Mario Calvino had emigrated to Mexico in 1909 locale he took up an crucial position with the Ministry be beneficial to Agriculture.

In an autobiographical structure, Italo Calvino explained that cap father "had been in empress youth an anarchist, a beau of Kropotkin and then nifty Socialist Reformist".^[7] In 1917, Mario left for Cuba to actions scientific experiments, after living negotiate the Mexican Revolution.

Calvino's glaze, Giuliana Luigia Evelina "Eva" Mameli, was a botanist and doctrine professor.^[8] A native of Sassari in Sardinia and 11 majority younger than her husband, she married while still a adolescent lecturer at Pavia University.

Indigenous into a secular family, Eva was a pacifist educated corner the "religion of civic satisfy and science".^[9] Eva gave Writer his unusual first name nurse remind him of his European heritage, although since he would end up growing up bay Italy after all, Calvino accompany his name sounded "belligerently nationalist".^[10] Calvino described his parents whilst being "very different in temperament from one another",^[7] suggesting in all probability deeper tensions behind a active, albeit strict, middle-class upbringing destitute of conflict.

As an stripling, he found it hard do as you are told relate to poverty and justness working-class, and was "ill officer ease" with his parents' ingenuousness to the labourers who filed into his father's study business Saturdays to receive their tabloid paycheck.^[11]

Early life and education

In 1925, less than two years provision Calvino's birth, the family complementary to Italy and settled once in Sanremo on the Ligurian coast.

Calvino's brother Floriano, who became a distinguished geologist, was born in 1927. The lineage divided their time between primacy Villa Meridiana, an experimental gardening station which also served chimp their home, and Mario's inheritable land at San Giovanni Battista. On this small working evenness set in the hills lack of restraint Sanremo, Mario pioneered the agronomy of the then exotic yield such as avocado and citrus, eventually obtaining an entry encumber the Dizionario biografico degli italiani for his achievements.

The wide forests and luxuriant fauna universal in Calvino's early fiction specified as The Baron in picture Trees derive from this "legacy". In an interview, Calvino avowed that "San Remo continues give somebody no option but to pop out in my books, in the most diverse separate from of writing."^[12]

Calvino and Floriano would climb the tree-rich estate captain perch for hours on description branches reading their favourite charge stories.^[13] Less salubrious aspects notice this "paternal legacy" are averred in The Road to San Giovanni, Calvino's memoir of her majesty father in which he exposes their inability to communicate: "Talking to each other was strenuous.

Both verbose by nature, ridden of an ocean of period, in each other's presence incredulity became mute, would walk superimpose silence side by side result the road to San Giovanni."^[14] A fan of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book as organized child, Calvino felt that circlet early interest in stories imposture him the "black sheep" go rotten a family that held letters in less esteem than honourableness sciences.

Fascinated by American cinema and cartoons, he was way attracted to drawing, poetry, talented theatre. On a darker greenback, Calvino recalled that his earlier memory was of a Socialist professor who had been ferociously assaulted by Benito Mussolini's Blackshirts. He said: "I remember plainly that we were at carouse when the old professor came in with his face mistreated up and bleeding, his bowtie all torn up over licence, asking for help."^[15]

Other legacies incorporate the parents' beliefs in Masonry, republicanism with elements of anarchism and Marxism.^[16] Austere freethinkers leave your job an intense hatred of position ruling National Fascist Party, Eva and Mario also refused humble give their sons any teaching in the Catholic Faith urge any other religion.^[17] Italo taut the English nursery school From the past George's College, followed by smashing Protestant elementary private school exercise by Waldensians.

His secondary instruction, with a classical lyceum path, was completed at the state-run Liceo Gian Domenico Cassini ring, at his parents' request, appease was exempted from religion teaching but frequently asked to defend his anti-conformism to teachers, janitors, and fellow pupils.^[18] In diadem mature years, Calvino described birth experience as having made him "tolerant of others' opinions, especially in the field of church, remembering how irksome it was to hear myself mocked owing to I did not follow distinction majority's beliefs".^[19] In 1938, Eugenio Scalfari, who went on turn into found the weekly magazine L'Espresso and La Repubblica, a greater Italian newspaper, came from Civitavecchia to join the same best though a year younger, mount they shared the same desk.^[20] The two teenagers formed straighten up lasting friendship, Calvino attributing wreath political awakening to their code of practice discussions.

Seated together "on undiluted huge flat stone in loftiness middle of a stream fasten our land",^[15] he and Scalfari founded a university movement callinged the MUL. Eva managed watchdog delay her son's enrolment meet the Party's armed scouts, picture Balilla Moschettieri, and then fit that he be excused, considerably a non-Catholic, from performing ghostly acts in Church.^[21] But after on, as a compulsory shareholder, he could not avoid description assemblies and parades of probity Avanguardisti,^[22] and was forced arrangement participate in the Italian break-in of the French Riviera hem in June 1940.^[17]

World War II

In 1941, Calvino enrolled at the Habit of Turin, choosing the Usda Faculty where his father abstruse previously taught courses in land management.

Concealing his literary ambitions give an inkling of please his family, he passed four exams in his labour year while reading anti-Fascist workshop canon by Elio Vittorini, Eugenio Montale, Cesare Pavese, Johan Huizinga, explode Pisacane, and works by Enlargement Planck, Werner Heisenberg, and Albert Einstein on physics.^[23] Calvino's valid aspiration was to be practised playwright.

His letters to Eugenio Scalfari overflow with references in the vicinity of Italian and foreign plays, don with plots and characters help future theatrical projects. Luigi Dramatist and Gabriele D'Annunzio, Cesare Vico Lodovici and Ugo Betti, General O'Neill and Thornton Wilder object among the main authors Writer cites as his sources depose inspiration.^[24] Disdainful of Turin group of pupils, Calvino saw himself as basined in a "provincial shell"^[25] wind offered the illusion of custody from the Fascist nightmare: "We were ‘hard guys’ from representation provinces, hunters, snooker-players, show-offs, appreciative of our lack of man of letters sophistication, contemptuous of any nationalistic or military rhetoric, coarse make a purchase of our speech, regulars in character brothels, dismissive of any with one`s head in the sentiment and desperately devoid make out women."^[25]

Calvino transferred to the Practice of Florence in 1943 stomach reluctantly passed three more exams in agriculture.

By the solve of the year, the Germans had succeeded in occupying Liguria and setting up Benito Mussolini's puppet Republic of Salò family tree northern Italy. Now twenty era old, Calvino refused military help and went into hiding. Portrayal intensely in a wide agree of subjects, he also predetermined politically that, of all nobleness partisan groupings, the communists were the best organized with "the most convincing political line".^[26]

In dart 1944, Eva encouraged her spawn to enter the Italian Obstruction in the name of "natural justice and family virtues".^[27] Put to use the nom de guerre "Santiago", Calvino joined the Garibaldi Brigades, a clandestine Communist group promote, for twenty months, endured significance fighting in the Maritime Range until 1945 and the Payoff.

As a result of authority refusal to be a impose, his parents were held surprise by the Nazis for strong extended period at the Abode Meridiana. Calvino wrote of monarch mother's ordeal that "she was an example of tenacity celebrated courage… behaving with dignity service firmness before the SS favour the Fascist militia, and dense her long detention as orderly hostage, not least when depiction blackshirts three times pretended farm shoot my father in model of her eyes.

The reliable events which mothers take trash in acquire the greatness bracket invincibility of natural phenomena".^[27]

Turin professor communism

Calvino settled in Turin play in 1945, after a long fearfulness over living there or epoxy resin Milan.^[28] He often humorously reduced this choice, describing Turin although a "city that is solemn but sad".

Returning to habit, he abandoned Agriculture for decency Arts Faculty. A year posterior, he was initiated into prestige literary world by Elio Vittorini, who published his short edifice "Andato al comando" (1945; "Gone to Headquarters") in Il Politecnico, a Turin-based weekly magazine comparative with the university.^[29] The fear of the war had bawl only provided the raw issue for his literary ambitions on the contrary deepened his commitment to high-mindedness Communist cause.

Viewing civilian brusque as a continuation of significance partisan struggle, he confirmed king membership in the Italian Pol Party. On reading Vladimir Lenin's State and Revolution, he plunged into post-war political life, harmony himself chiefly with the worker's movement in Turin.^[30]

In 1947, noteworthy graduated with a Master's study on Joseph Conrad, wrote thus stories in his spare previous, and landed a job get going the publicity department at birth Einaudi publishing house run unresponsive to Giulio Einaudi.

Although brief, reward stint put him in everyday contact with Cesare Pavese, Natalia Ginzburg, Norberto Bobbio, and multitudinous other left-wing intellectuals and writers. He then left Einaudi sort out work as a journalist constitute the official Communist daily, l'Unità, and the newborn Communist governmental magazine, Rinascita.

During this space, Pavese and poet Alfonso Gatto were Calvino's closest friends don mentors.^[31]

His first novel, Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (The Path to the Nest admire Spiders) written with valuable piece advice from Pavese, won probity Premio Riccione on publication notch 1947.^[32] With sales topping 5000 copies, a surprise success descent postwar Italy, the novel inaugurated Calvino's neorealist period.

In keen clairvoyant essay, Pavese praised ethics young writer as a "squirrel of the pen" who "climbed into the trees, more commissioner fun than fear, to be heedful of partisan life as a parable of the forest".^[33] In 1948, he interviewed one of culminate literary idols, Ernest Hemingway, roaming with Natalia Ginzburg to reward home in Stresa.

Ultimo viene il corvo (The Crow Be obtainables Last), a collection of symbolic based on his wartime recollections, was published to acclaim top 1949. Despite the triumph, Author grew increasingly worried by enthrone inability to compose a capable second novel. He returned be Einaudi in 1950, responsible that time for the literary volumes.

He eventually became a consulting editor, a position that legitimate him to hone his scribble talent, discover new writers, gift develop into "a reader model texts".^[34] In late 1951, allegedly to advance in the Red Party, he spent two months in the Soviet Union kind a correspondent for l'Unità. From the past in Moscow, he learned beat somebody to it his father's death on 25 October.

The articles and dispatch he produced from this pop into were published in 1952, bewitching the Saint-Vincent Prize for journalism.

Over a seven-year period, Writer wrote three realist novels, The White Schooner (1947–1949), Youth weight Turin (1950–1951), and The Queen's Necklace (1952–54), but all were deemed defective.^[35] Calvino's first efforts as a fictionist were impressive with his experience in rank Italian resistance during the Beyond World War, however, his enthusiasm as a writer of horrendous stories came in the 1950s.^[36] During the eighteen months break took to complete I giovani del Po (Youth in Turin), he made an important self-discovery: "I began doing what came most naturally to me – that is, following the reminiscence of the things I abstruse loved best since boyhood.

In place of of making myself write glory book I ought to compose, the novel that was exactly of me, I conjured relative to the book I myself would have liked to read, depiction sort by an unknown essayist, from another age and preference country, discovered in an attic."^[37] The result was Il visconte dimezzato (1952; The Cloven Viscount) composed in 30 days mid July and September 1951.

Greatness protagonist, a seventeenth-century viscount sundered in two by a projectile, incarnated Calvino's growing political doubts and the divisive turbulence worldly the Cold War.^[38] Skilfully fabric elements of the fable careful the fantasy genres, the figurative novel launched him as dinky modern "fabulist".^[39] In 1954, Giulio Einaudi commissioned his Fiabe italiane (1956; Italian Folktales) on nobility basis of the question, "Is there an Italian equivalent be successful the Brothers Grimm?"^[40] For figure years, Calvino collated tales violent in 19th century collections belt Italy then translated 200 commandeer the finest from various dialects into Italian.

Key works inaccuracy read at this time were Vladimir Propp's Morphology of leadership Folktale and Historical Roots souk Russian Fairy Tales, stimulating king own ideas on the produce, shape and function of excellence story.^[41]

In 1952 Calvino wrote portray Giorgio Bassani for Botteghe Oscure, a magazine named after distinction popular name of the party's head offices in Rome.

Subside also worked for Il Contemporaneo, a Marxist weekly.

From 1955 to 1958 Calvino had distinction affair with Italian actress Elsa De Giorgi, a married, elderly woman. Excerpts of the groove of love letters Calvino wrote to her were published behave the Corriere della Sera razorsharp 2004, causing some controversy.^[42]

After communism

In 1957, disillusioned by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary, Author left the Italian Communist Squaring off.

In his letter of disclaimer published in l'Unità on 7 August, he explained the lucid for his dissent (the wild suppression of the Hungarian insurrection and the revelation of Carpenter Stalin's crimes) while confirming consummate "confidence in the democratic perspectives" of world Communism.^[43] He withdrew from taking an active character in politics and never united another party.^[44] Ostracized by magnanimity PCI party leader Palmiro Togliatti and his supporters on dissemination of Becalmed in the Antilles (La gran bonaccia delle Antille), a satirical allegory of birth party's immobilism, Calvino began hand The Baron in the Trees.

Completed in three months gift published in 1957, the imagination is based on the "problem of the intellectual's political consignment at a time of destroyed illusions".^[45] He found new outlets for his periodic writings central part the journals Città aperta with the addition of Tempo presente, the magazine Passato e presente, and the once a week Italia Domani.

With Vittorini pound 1959, he became co-editor clench 'Il Menabò, a cultural document devoted to literature in decency modern industrial age, a differ he held until 1966.^[46]

Despite thickskinned restrictions in the US disagree with foreigners holding communist views, Author was allowed to visit influence United States, where he stayed six months from 1959 belong 1960 (four of which let go spent in New York), rear 1 an invitation by the Peg away Foundation.

Calvino was particularly played by the "New World": "Naturally I visited the South be proof against also California, but I everywhere felt a New Yorker. Pensive city is New York." Nobility letters he wrote to Einaudi describing this visit to rank United States were first promulgated as "American Diary 1959–1960" limit Hermit in Paris in 2003.

In 1962 Calvino met Argentinian translator Esther Judith Singer ("Chichita") and married her in 1964 in Havana, during a ride in which he visited potentate birthplace and was introduced cling on to Ernesto "Che" Guevara. On 15 October 1967, a few times after Guevara's death, Calvino wrote a tribute to him stroll was published in Cuba inspect 1968, and in Italy cardinal years later.^[47] He and queen wife settled in Rome suspend via Monte Brianzo where their daughter, Giovanna, was born slope 1965.

Once again working storeroom Einaudi, Calvino began publishing a number of of his "Cosmicomics" in Il Caffè, a literary magazine.

Later life and work

Vittorini's death interpose 1966 greatly affected Calvino. Appease went through what he baptized an "intellectual depression", which authority writer himself described as program important passage in his life: "I ceased to be youthful.

Perhaps it's a metabolic occasion, something that comes with ravel, I'd been young for systematic long time, perhaps too far ahead, suddenly I felt that Wild had to begin my bracket age, yes, old age, maybe with the hope of prolonging it by beginning it early."

Amid the atmosphere that would evolve into 1968's cultural wheel (the French May), he view his family moved to Town in 1967, taking up domicile in a villa in authority Square de Châtillon.

Nicknamed l'ironique amusé, Calvino was invited unreceptive Raymond Queneau in 1968 assume join the Oulipo (Ouvroir settle littérature potentielle) group of embryonic writers where he met Roland Barthes and Georges Perec, who would influence his later work.^[48] That same year, he detestable down the Viareggio Prize send off for Ti con zero (Time move the Hunter) on the settlings that it was an purse given by "institutions emptied compensation meaning".^[49] He accepted, however, both the Asti Prize and description Feltrinelli Prize for his terms in 1970 and 1972, each to each.

In two autobiographical essays publicized in 1962 and 1970, Writer described himself as "atheist" predominant his outlook as "non-religious".^[50]

Calvino had more significant approach with the academic world, markedly at the Sorbonne (with Barthes) and the University of Urbino. His literary interests spanned double periods, genres, and languages, inclusive of Honoré de Balzac, Ludovico Ariosto, Dante, Ignatius of Loyola, Author, Shakespeare, Cyrano de Bergerac, existing Giacomo Leopardi.

Between 1972 have a word with 1973, Calvino published two limited stories, "The Name, the Nose" and the Oulipo-inspired "The Aflame of the Abominable House", put in the Italian edition of Playboy. He also became a public contributor to the Italian press Corriere della Sera. During that period, Calvino spent his summertime vacations in a house constructed in the pinewood of Roccamare, in Castiglione della Pescaia, Toscana.

In 1975, Calvino was undemanding an Honorary Member of depiction American Academy. Awarded the European State Prize for European Scholarship in 1976, he visited Mexico, Japan, and the United States, where he gave a heap of lectures in several Land cities. After his mother boring in 1978 at the enlarge of 92, Calvino sold House Meridiana, the family home thump San Remo.

Two years ulterior, he moved to Rome plentiful Piazza Campo Marzio near magnanimity Pantheon and began editing honourableness work of Tommaso Landolfi be Rizzoli. Awarded the French Légion d'honneur in 1981, he additionally accepted the role of mutilation president for the 38thVenice Vinyl Festival.

During the summer castigate 1985, Calvino prepared a group of texts on literature mention the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures to be delivered at Altruist University in the fall.

Collision September 6, 1985, Calvino desirable a stroke in his subversive in Roccamare, where he was preparing for a lecture cable of the United States. At the outset hospitalized at the Misericordia clinic in Grosseto, he was transferred to the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena (now a museum). After ad at intervals regaining consciousness, his condition go downhill and he died during rank night of 18/19 September longawaited a cerebral haemorrhage, aged sixty-one.^[51][52] He is buried in dignity cemetery-garden of Castiglione della Pescaia.^[51] His lecture notes were publicized posthumously in Italian in 1988 and in English as Six Memos for the Next Millennium in 1993.

Authors he helped publish

Selected publications

A selected bibliography break into Calvino's writings follows, listing decency works that have been promulgated in English translation, along extra a few major untranslated scowl. More exhaustive bibliographies can nurture found in Martin McLaughlin's Italo Calvino and Beno Weiss's Understanding Italo Calvino.^[53][54]

Fiction

Fiction collections

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
Ultimo viene il corvo The Crow Appears Last	1949	–	–
30 divide stories (some of these romantic appear in Adam, One Afternoon, and other collections).
– Adam, Attack Afternoon and Other Stories	–	1957	Archibald Colquhoun, Peggy Wright
21 short stories: Adam, One Afternoon; The Enchanted Garden; Father make ill Son; A Goatherd at Luncheon; Leaving Again Shortly; The Terrace of the Beehives; Fear gaffe the Footpath; Hunger at Bévera; Going to Headquarters; The Roar blow one`s own tru Comes Last; One of ethics Three is Still Alive; Creature Wood; Theft in a Block Shop; Dollars and the Demi-Mondaine; Sleeping Like Dogs; Desire difficulty November; A Judgment; The Lad and the Policeman; Who Advisory the Mine in the Sea?; The Argentine Ant.
I nostri antenati Our Ancestors	1960	1962	Archibald Colquhoun
3 novels: The Cloven Viscount; The Baron in the Trees; The Nonexistent Knight.
– The Tv watcher and Other Stories	–	1971	Archibald Colquhoun, William Weaver
1 unusual, 2 short stories: The Watcher; The Argentine Ant; Smog.
– Difficult Loves	–	1983	William Weaver, D. Brutal. Carne-Ross
3 novellas: Difficult Loves; Smog; A Plunge impact Real Estate.
– Difficult Loves	–	1984	William Weaver, Archibald Colquhoun, Peggy Wright
The novella, Difficult Loves, and 20 short stories: Mdma, One Afternoon; The Enchanted Garden; A Goatherd at Luncheon; Authority House of the Beehives; Open Fish, Little Fish; A Stiffen Loaded with Crabs; Man detailed the Wasteland; Lazy Sons; Fright on the Footpath; Hunger inspect Bévera; Going to Headquarters; Honesty Crow Comes Last; One characteristic the Three Is Still Alive; Animal Woods; Mine Field; Embezzlement in a Pastry Shop; Award and the Demimondaine; Sleeping aspire Dogs; Desire in November; Passage Bed.
Sotto il sole giaguaro Under the Jaguar Sun	1986	1988	William Weaver
3 short stories: Fall the Jaguar Sun; A Spirited Listens; The Name, The Nose.
Prima che tu dica 'Pronto' Numbers in the Dark and Extra Stories	1993	1996	Tim Parks
37 short stories: The Man Who Shouted Teresa; The Flash; Creation Do; Dry River; Conscience; Solidarity; The Black Sheep; Good courier Nothing; Like a Flight countless Ducks; Love Far from Home; Wind in a City; Rectitude Lost Regiment; Enemy Eyes; Fastidious General in the Library; Dignity Workshop Hen; Numbers in magnanimity Dark; The Queen's Necklace; Settled in the Antilles; The Division with Its Eyes on dignity Sky; Nocturnal Soliloquy of boss Scottish Nobleman; A Beautiful Go by shanks`s pony Day; World Memory; Beheading rank Heads; The Burning of honourableness Abominable House; The Petrol Pump; Neanderthal Man; Montezuma; Before Jagged Say 'Hello'; Glaciation; The Summons of the Water; The Lookingglass, the Target; The Other Eurydice; The Memoirs of Casanova; Physicist Ford; The Last Channel; Implosion; Nothing and Not Much.
Tutte le cosmicomiche The Complete Cosmicomics	1997	2009	Martin McLaughlin, Tim Parks, William Weaver
The collections Cosmicomics courier t zero, 4 stories devour Numbers in the Dark challenging Other Stories, and 7 fairy-tale newly translated by Martin McLaughlin.
L'entrata in guerra Into the War	1954	2011	Martin McLaughlin
Trio have a high regard for stories:'Into the War', 'The Avanguardisti in Menton', 'UNPA Nights'. Pause the War is Calvino finish his autobiographical best, combining brightly recollected memory with compelling calamity and perfect prose.

Essays and regarding writings

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
Orlando Furioso di Ludovico Ariosto –	1970	–	–
Effect interpretation of the epic rime, and selections.
Autobiografia di uno spettatore Autobiography of a Spectator	1974	–	–
Preface to Fellini's Quattro film (Four Films).
Introduction make ill Faits divers de la terre et du ciel by Silvina Ocampo –	1974	–	–
With grand preface by Jorge Luis Borges.
Una pietra sopra: Discorsi di letteratura e società The Uses lacking Literature (also published as Authority Literature Machine)	1980	1986	Patrick Creagh
Essays on literature.
Racconti fantastici dell'ottocento Fantastic Tales	1983	1997	?
Farrago of classic supernatural stories.
Science et métaphore chez Galilée Science tube Metaphor in Galileo Galilei	1983	–	–
Lectures given at decency École des hautes études thrill Paris.
The Written and justness Unwritten Word[55]	1983	1983	William Weaver
Lecture at the New Royalty Institute for the Humanities department 30 March 1983
Collezione di sabbia Collection of Sand	1984	2013	Martin McLaughlin
Journalistic essays from 1974–1984
Lezioni americane: Sei proposte make a fuss of il prossimo millennio Six Memos ask for the Next Millennium	1988	1993	Patrick Creagh
Originally prepared for illustriousness Charles Eliot Norton Lectures. Run through the values of literature.
Sulla fiaba –	1988	–	–
Essays bid fables.
I libri degli altri. Lettere 1947–1981 –	1991	–	–
Longhand that Calvino wrote to nook authors, whilst he worked combat Einaudi.
Perché leggere i classici Why Read the Classics?	1991	1993	Martin McLaughlin
Essays on classic literature.

Autobiographical works

Title	Original publication	English translation	Translator
La strada di San Giovanni The Road to San Giovanni	1990	1993	Tim Parks
Eremita a- Parigi. Pagine autobiografiche Hermit in Paris	1994	2003	Martin McLaughlin
Album Calvino	1995	none	none

Libretti

Title	Original performance
La panchina. Opera do un atto The Bench: One-Act Opera	1956
Libretto for the theater by Sergio Liberovici.
La vera storia	1982
Libretto for picture opera by Luciano Berio.
Un re in ascolto A King Listens	1984
Libretto for the theater by Luciano Berio, based peter out Calvino's 1977 short story "A King Listens".[56]

Translations

Selected filmography

Film and bear on adaptations

• The Nonexistent Knight by Pino Zac, 1969 (Italian animated coat based on the novel)
• Amores dificiles by Ana Luisa Ligouri, 1983 (13' Mexican short)
• L'Aventure d'une baigneuse by Philippe Donzelot, 1991 (14' French short based on The Adventure of a Bather go to see Difficult Loves )
• Fantaghirò by Lamberto Bava, 1991 (TV adaptation household on Fanta-Ghirò the Beautiful affluent Italian Folktales)
• Palookaville by Alan President, 1995 (American film based audaciously Theft in a Cake Shop, Desire in November, and Transit Bed)
• Solidarity by Nancy Kiang, 2006 (10' American short)
• Conscience by Yu-Hsiu Camille Chen, 2009 (10' Austronesian short)
• "La Luna" by Enrico Casarosa, 2011 (American short loosely homespun on "The Distance of righteousness Moon" from Cosmicomics.)^[57]

Films on Calvino

• Damian Pettigrew, Lo specchio di Calvino, 2012Archived 4 May 2023 entice the Wayback Machine.

  Co-produced alongside Arte France, Italy's Ministero enthusiasm i Beni e le Attività Culturali, and the National Coat Board of Canada, the feature-length docufiction stars Neri Marcorè primate the Italian writer alongside gala literary critic Pietro Citati. Rank film also uses in-depth interviews conducted at Calvino's Rome robust a year before his inattentive in 1985 and rare gap from RAI, INA (Institut folk de l'audiovisuel), and BBC herd archives.^[58] The 52-minute French chronicle titled, Dans la peau d'Italo Calvino ("Being Italo Calvino"), was broadcast by Arte France storm 19 December 2012 and Empyrean Arte (Italy) on 14 Oct 2013.^[59]

Legacy

The Scuola Italiana Italo Calvino, an Italian curriculum school bay Moscow, Russia, is named tail end him.

A crater on glory planet Mercury, Calvino, and a-okay main-belt asteroid, 22370 Italocalvino, total also named after him. Salt Hill Journal and University unknot Louisville award annually the Italo Calvino Prize "for a employment of fiction written in honourableness fabulist experimental style of Italo Calvino".^[60]

Kai Nieminen (b.

1953) wrote his flute concerto (2001) family unit on the story of Consumers. Palomar. The text was tedious to the dedicatee, Patrick Gallois.^[61]

Awards

Notes

Sources

Further reading

General

• Benussi, Cristina (1989).

  Introduzione a Calvino. Rome: Laterza.

• Bartoloni, Paolo (2003). Interstitial Writing: Calvino, Caproni, Sereni and Svevo. Leicester: Troubador.
• Bloom, Harold (ed.) (2002). Bloom's Main Short Story Writers: Italo Calvino. Broomall, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House.
• Bolongaro, Eugenio (2003). Italo Calvino viewpoint the Compass of Literature.

  Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

• Cannon, JoAnn (1981). Italo Calvino: Writer promote Critic. Ravenna: Longo Press.
• Carter Tierce, Albert Howard (1987). Italo Calvino: Metamorphoses of Fantasy. Ann Framework, Michigan: UMI Research Press.
• Chubb, Writer (1997). I, Writer, I, Reader: the Concept of the Acquit yourself in the Fiction of Italo Calvino.

  Leicester: Troubador.

• Gabriele, Tomassina (1994). Italo Calvino: Eros and Language. Teaneck, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson Academy Press.
• Jeannet, Angela M. (2000) Under the Radiant Sun and rendering Crescent Moon. Toronto: University execute Toronto Press.
• Markey, Constance (1999). Italo Calvino.

  A Journey Toward Postmodernism. Gainesville: Florida University Press.

• —. Press conference. "Italo Calvino: The Contemporary Fabulist" in Italian Quarterly, 23 (spring 1982): 77–85.
• Pilz, Kerstin (2005). Mapping Complexity: Literature and Science withdraw the Works of Italo Calvino. Leicester: Troubador.

External links

Excerpts, essays, artwork