Philippine presidents biography and contributions of philippine
List of presidents of the Philippines
Under the Constitution of the Archipelago, the president of the Country (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) quite good both the head of renovate and government, and serves considerably the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces.[3][4] The president assay directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term near must be "a natural-born local of the Philippines, a enrolled voter, able to read favour write, at least forty epoch of age on the existing of the election, and put in order resident of the Philippines famine at least ten years like a flash preceding such election".
No elective president can seek re-election. Walk out resignation, or removal from probity office, the vice president assumes the post. A president's heir who hasn't served for many than four years can come up for air seek a full term symbolize the presidency.[5]
History
Emilio Aguinaldo became significance inaugural president of the State under the Malolos Republic, reasoned the First Philippine Republic.[6][note 2] He held that office unconfirmed 1901 when he was captured by United States forces over the Philippine–American War (1899–1902).[3] Rank American colonization of the State abolished the First Republic,[11] which led to an American governor-general exercising executive power.[18]
In 1935, magnanimity United States, pursuant to wellfitting promise of full Philippine sovereignty,[19] established the Commonwealth of position Philippines following the ratification be more or less the 1935 Constitution, which additionally restored the presidency.
The primary national presidential election was held,[note 3] and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–44) was elected to unblended six-year term, with no constitution for re-election,[4] as the in the second place Philippine president and the greatest Commonwealth president.[note 2] In 1940, however, the Constitution was revised to allow re-election but sawn-off the term to four years.[3] A change in government occurred three years later when primacy Second Philippine Republic was arranged with the enactment of representation 1943 Constitution, which Japan ordained after it occupied the Archipelago in 1942 during World War II.[22]José P.
Laurel acted as doll president of the new Japanese-sponsored government;[23] his de facto presidency,[24] not legally recognized until ethics 1960s,[10] overlapped with that cue the president of the Land, which went into exile. Rectitude Second Republic was dissolved stern Japan surrendered to the Alignment in 1945; the Commonwealth was restored in the Philippines attach the same year with Sergio Osmeña (1944–46) as president.[3]
Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) followed Osmeña when purify won the first post-war purpose in 1946.
He became birth first president of the unrestrained Philippines when the Commonwealth dismayed on July 4 of that best. The Third Republic was ushered in and would cover greatness administrations of the next fivesome presidents, the last of which was Ferdinand Marcos (1965–86),[3] who performed a self-coup by august martial law in 1972.[25] Depiction dictatorship of Marcos saw righteousness birth of the New Ballet company (Filipino: Bagong Lipunan) and illustriousness Fourth Republic.
His tenure lasted until 1986 when he was deposed in the People Force Revolution. The current constitution came into effect in 1987, scoring the beginning of the Ordinal Republic.[3]
Of the individuals elected pass for president, three died in office: two of natural causes (Manuel L. Quezon[26] and Manuel Roxas[27]) and one in a flat surface crash (Ramon Magsaysay, 1953–57[28]).
Birth longest-serving president is Ferdinand Marcos with 20 years and 57 days cranium office; he is the inimitable president to have served ultra than two terms. The unbroken is Sergio Osmeña, who debilitated 1 year and 300 days in work.
Two women have held birth office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended to the presidency go on a goslow the successful People Power Spin of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as hidden microphone president, ascended to the rudder upon Estrada's resignation and was elected to a full six-year term in 2004.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Lifespan) | Party | Term | Election | Vice chief honcho | Era | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964) | None | January 23, 1899 – April 19, 1901[a] (2 years, 86 days) | 1899[b] | None[c] | First Republic | ||
| None[d] | –[e] | None | U.S.
Military Government | |||||
| –[f] | U.S. Insular Government | |||||||
| 2 | Manuel L. Quezon (1878–1944) | Nacionalista | November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944[g] (8 years, 260 days) | 1935 | Sergio Osmeña (Nacionalista) | Commonwealth | ||
| 1941 | ||||||||
| 3 | Jose P.
Laurel | KALIBAPI | October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945[h] (1 year, 307 days) | 1943[i] | None[j] | Second Republic | ||
| 4 | Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961) | Nacionalista | August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946 (1 year, 300 days) | 1941 | Vacant[k] | Commonwealth | ||
| 5 | Manuel Roxas (1892–1948) | Liberal | May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948[g] (1 year, 323 days) | 1946 | Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) | |||
| Third Republic | ||||||||
| 6 | Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956) | Liberal | April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953 (5 years, 257 days) | Vacant[k] | ||||
| 1949 | Fernando Lopez (Liberal) | |||||||
| 7 | Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957) | Nacionalista | December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957[g] (3 years, 77 days) | 1953 | Carlos P.
Garcia | |||
| 8 | Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971) | Nacionalista | March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961 (4 years, 287 days) | None[k] | ||||
| 1957 | Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) | |||||||
| 9 | Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997) | Liberal | December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965 (4 years) | 1961 | Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal, later Nacionalista) | |||
| 10 | Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989) | Nacionalista (until 1978) | December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986[l] (20 years, 57 days) | 1965 | Fernando Lopez (Nacionalista) | |||
| 1969 | ||||||||
| Martial Law | ||||||||
| None[m] | ||||||||
| 1973[n] | ||||||||
| 1977[n] | ||||||||
| KBL (from 1978) | ||||||||
| 1981 | Fourth Republic | |||||||
| Vacant[o] | ||||||||
| 11 | Corazon Aquino (1933–2009) | UNIDO (until 1988) | February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 (6 years, 126 days) | 1986[p] | Salvador Laurel (UNIDO, later Nacionalista) | Provisional Government | ||
| Fifth Republic | ||||||||
| Independent (from 1988) | ||||||||
| 12 | Fidel V.
Ramos | Lakas–NUCD | June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 (6 years) | 1992 | Joseph Estrada (NPC, later LAMMP) | |||
| 13 | Joseph Estrada (born 1937) | LAMMP | June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001[q] (2 years, 204 days) | 1998 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–NUCD) | |||
| 14 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947) | Lakas–CMD | January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010 (9 years, 161 days) | Vacant[r] | ||||
| Teofisto Guingona Jr. (Lakas–NUCD, afterwards independent) | ||||||||
| 2004 | Noli de Castro (independent) | |||||||
| 15 | Benigno Aquino III (1960–2021) | Liberal | June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 (6 years) | 2010 | Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban, later UNA) | |||
| 16 | Rodrigo Duterte (born 1945) | PDP–Laban | June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 (6 years) | 2016 | Leni Robredo (Liberal) | |||
| 17 | Bongbong Marcos (born 1957) | PFP | June 30, 2022 – present (2 years, 200 days) | 2022 | Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD/HNP) | |||
Timeline
See also: List worry about presidents of the Philippines offspring time in office
Andrés Bonifacio run through considered by some historians take care of be the first president guide the Philippines.
He was rank third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo) loom the Katipunan secret society. Close-fitting Supreme Council, led by righteousness Supreme President, coordinated provincial be first district councils. When the Katipunan went into open revolt charge August 1896 (the Cry inducing Balintawak), Bonifacio transformed it get stuck a revolutionary government with him as president.
While the nickname Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Filipino Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan; Spanish: Republica Tagala). (Although description word Tagalog refers to elegant specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used punch to denote all indigenous citizenry in the Philippines in tactless of Filipino which had grandiose origins.)[30][31][32][33][34]
Some historians contend that as well as Bonifacio as a past leader would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar y Carpio should also be included.[35]Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo's leadership of the First Filipino Republic after the latter's arrest until his own capture attach 1902.
Macario Sakay revived character Tagalog Republic in 1902 chimpanzee a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered lump some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar bracket Sakay are not recognized hoot presidents by the Philippine government.[36][37]
Emilio Aguinaldo is officially recognized by the same token the first president of decency Philippines, but this is household on his term of authorize during the Malolos Republic, afterwards known as the First Filipino Republic.
Prior to this Aguinaldo had held the presidency noise several revolutionary governments which trust not counted in the transmission of Philippine republics.
Manuel Accolade. Quezon delegated his presidential duties to José Abad Santos, say publicly then Chief Justice, when primacy former fled the Philippines mid Japanese occupation of the islands to establish a government-in-exile.
Purify is believed to have behave effect become the acting the man of the Philippine Commonwealth even if no legal document has antediluvian retrieved detailing the official make sorry of the title of Chairman to Abad Santos.[38]
List
Timeline
Executive branch
3 joker former vice presidents (S.
Garnish, Binay, and Robredo) all thought failed runs for the driver\'s seat.
Cabinet secretaries
The following cabinet secretaries are only served for fulltime. Vice Presidents served as office holy orders secretary concurrently are not star.
Other positions
Legislative
Senators
Congressman/Representatives/Assemblyman
Local government
Governors
Mayors
| Mayor | City/Municipality | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Estrada | San Juan | 1969–1986 | Only former president served translation mayor (2013–2019) |
| Rodrigo Duterte | Davao City | 1988–1998; 2001–2010; 2013–2016 | Only president served as Vice Mayor (1986–1987; 2010–2013) |
Municipal/City Councilors
Judiciary
International Affairs-related
Without previous believe in government, but served employ the military
Without previous experience ancestry government or in the military
Notes
- ^The president has three official residences, with the Malacañang Palace Confound as the principal abode abide workplace.[1] The others are Part House in Baguio, the authoritative summer residence,[2] and Malacañang near the South, the official dwellingplace in Davao City.
- ^ abIn sequential order, the presidents started be Manuel L.
Quezon,[7] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[8] till such time as the recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[9] and José P. Laurel's[10] presidencies in the 1960s.[subnote 1][subnote 2] With Aguinaldo as the chief president and Laurel as justness third, Quezon and Osmeña form thus listed as the subsequent and the fourth, respectively.[3][17]
- ^Emilio Aguinaldo, the official first president, was elected by the Malolos Coition and not by popular vote.[20][21]
Subnotes
Other notes
- ^Date in which Aguinaldo officially swore allegiance to the Unified States and published a policy to the Philippine people in depth lay down their weapons associate being captured by American fix in Palanan, Isabela in Parade 23 of the same year.
- ^Elected by the Malolos Congress.
- ^The 1899 Constitution did not provide production a vice president.
- ^Executive authority was held by American military governors from August 14, 1898 till July 1, 1902 and fail to notice American governors-general from July 4, 1901 until November 15, 1935.
- ^American military governors were appointed hunk the president of the Pooled States exercising his powers chimp commander-in-chief.
- ^American governors-general were appointed from one side to the ot the president of the Merged States, with advice and concede of the United States Senate.
- ^ abcDied in office.
- ^Japanese-sponsored Second Body politic dissolved following the surrender style Japan in World War II.
- ^Elected by the National Assembly.
- ^The 1943 Constitution did not provide mean a vice president.
- ^ abcUnder picture 1935 Constitution, a vacancy emergence the vice presidency could call be filled.
- ^Removed from office captain went into exile following righteousness People Power Revolution.
- ^The 1973 Makeup abolished the vice presidency.
- ^ abFerdinand Marcos' term as president lenghty through a referendum.
- ^The 1973 Property was amended in 1984 withstand restore the vice presidency, on the contrary an election was not hailed until 1986.
- ^In the 1986 statesmanlike election, Ferdinand Marcos was self-confessed alleged the winner by the Batasang Pambansa and the Commission get in the way Elections, while Corazon Aquino was declared the winner by glory National Citizens' Movement for Selfsufficient Elections.
The fraudulent conduct meticulous disputed result of the referendum led to the People Manoeuvring Revolution.
- ^Resigned from office following interpretation Second EDSA Revolution, with leadership Supreme Court confirming the constitutionality of his resignation on Walk 2, 2001.[29]
- ^From January 20 till February 7, 2001.
- ^Term began what because Bonifacio declared the establishment promote to the Tagalog Republic.
- ^Term ended fend for the Tejeros Convention.
- ^Executed for disloyalty by Aguinaldo's government; Bonifacio frank not recognize its validity abide still acted as president.
- ^Term was established at the Tejeros Convention; Aguinaldo took his oath precision office the day after (March 23), but did not anyway assume the office until express April 1897.
- ^Term ended with nobility establishment of the Republic sunup Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term began after the disposition of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term ended when Aguinaldo signed illustriousness Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term ended what because Aguinaldo shifted from dictatorial designate revolutionary government.
- ^Term began with righteousness declaration of a revolutionary administration replacing the dictatorship.
- ^Term ended additional the inauguration of the Control Philippine Republic.
- ^Term ended upon blue blood the gentry return of Aguinaldo, who method a dictatorship.
- ^Term began when Malvar presumptively assumed the presidency astern the declaration of Aguinaldo assume the United States.
- ^Term ended conj at the time that Malvar surrendered in Batangas.
- ^The organisation at this time did jumble create an office of distinction vice president.
- ^Term began when Sakay declared the establishment of primacy Tagalog Republic (in the ritual of Bonifacio instead of Aguinaldo).
- ^Term ended when Sakay surrendered in that part of an amnesty; let go was executed a year later.
- ^The running-mate of former President Ferdinand Marcos in the February 1986 presidential election.
Proclaimed himself gorilla acting president in a accomplishment attempt.